18 : 12378 · 1 .

Indian Standard

(Reaffirmed - 2012)

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LINING OF WATER-COURSES AND FIELD CHANNELS
(First ReprintJANUARY 1996 )

UDC 626-823-19

@) Cop"l'right 1988

BUR E A U OF I N D I A N S TAN DAR D S
MANAK BliAVAN, 9 BAH,A.DUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002
Gr 3

Nove,nber 1988

AMENDMENT NO.1

AUGUST 1005

TO
IS 12379: 1988 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LINING OF WATER-COURSES AND FIELD CHANNELS
( Page I, c/tlllse 2 ) - Adda newclause 2 asBiven below:
'2 UOUNCES
1.1 The following standards contain provisions which through refereace in this text, constitute provisions of this stIDdInI. At the time of publication, tile editions indicated were valid. A111taDdan1s lie subjcQ to revision, and partieI 10 agreements based OD this SbIDdard am eacourapd to invesdptl the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards iDdicated

below:
lSNo.

Tit.
Rules for roundinI off numerical values (MlI.d)
Specification for 33 grade ordiDaJy PortIaDd cemaII (fourth revision)

IS 2 : 1960

IS 269: 1989
IS 383 : 1999
IS4S6: 2000

Specific:atiOD for

Q08IIC

aod fine agqates from IIItUrIl

sources for COIlCft=te (third revision)
Code of piacticeCor plain IDd reiDforoed concrete (fourth .
I'evlslon)

IS 712 : 1984 IS 1077 : 1992

Specification for builcIiDg limes (thirdrevision)

Common bumt clay buildinS bricks - Specification (fifth
revision)

IS 1489 (Part 1) : Specification for Portland pozzolaua cement: Part 1 Flyash based (third IWl8lon) 1991

IS 1489 (Part 2): Specification for Portland pozzolana cement: Part 2 1991 Calcined clay based <tlllrd ""i8lon)
IS I S42 : 1992 IS 2116 : 1980 Specification for BId tor plaster (second rwvIslOll) Specification for SIIId for masomy mortan ljI,st 1'fIVI8Ion)

IS 22~O : 1981

Code ofpractice for pIep8I1Ition and use of masomy mortar
(/irsllWlsion)

1

Amend No.1 to IS 12379 : 1_

IS No.
IS 4701 : 1982
IS 7969 :
197~

Title Codeof practice for earthwork on canals (first IWI.rIon)
Safety code for handling and storage of building materials

IS 9698 : 199'

Code of pra<:tice for lining of canals with polyethylene film (first rwlslon)
Pulverizedfuel ash - Lime bricks - Speciftcation (first
revision)

IS 12894 : 2002 IS 10430 : 2000
IS 10646 : 1991

Criteria for design of lined amals and guidance for selection of type of lining (first revision)
I

Specification for canal linings tiles (first revision)

Cement concrete

IS 13757 : 1993

Specification for burntclay flyash building bricks

2.2 Whenever cross references to the above standards appear in the text of the standard, the above-elause shaD apply.

( Page 2, claus, 3.t ) -

Substitute ~ followinB for the existin& clause:

·3.1 Cement - Cemellt used in the preparation of ma&ODI)' mortar or cement concrete shall conform to either IS 269, IS 1489 (Pan 1), IS 1489 (Part 2) u

specified by the engiDeer-in41arge. t

( Page 2, clause 3.4) -

Substitute 'IS 4S6'lor 'IS: 4'6 · 1978'.

( Page 2, clause16 ) - Substitute the following for the existins CIaUle:
'3.6 Brlckl- Bricks sball be in accordance with IS 1077 or IS 12894 or IS 13757.'

(Page 4, CIau8e 4., ) -

Substitute 'IS 10646'/01' 'IS: 10646·1983.'.

Geneml : Delete Notations aad relevant footnotes pertaining to IDdian StaDdanIs and theirtide and year of publicadoD, wherever occuning in the staDdarcl.

(WRD 13)
bpropaphy Unit, 811, Newo.IhI. ....

2

IS : 1237' · 1911

Indian Standard
; CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LINING OF WATER-COURSES AND

FIELD CHANNELS
o.
FOREWORD
PUCCA NAKKt4.S (openinp) eliminates the cause of accidental or intentional breaches. It is an entirely newconcept of water manaBement and discipline.
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 31 Mr y 1988, after the draft finalized by the Canals and Canal Linin, Sectional Committee had been aproved by the Civil Enlineeriog Division Council.

0.2.1 Proper selection of serviceable and 0.2 Linin. of water-courses Dot only Dlinimizes economical liniDI at first instance and proper the loss of water due to seepage, but also results execution of lininl work relects considerably in in achievinl considerable economy in land use achievina overall economy on the project. due to reduction in cross-section or water-courses. Guidelines with reaard to the selection of canal Water thus saved may be usefully utilized for lininl for any particular canal/water-course shall extension and improvement of irrigation facilities. be in accordance with IS : 10430-1982-. Besides, in case of unlined water-courses, there 0.3 For the purpose of decidinl whether a is gradually rise in water table, thereby rendering particular requirement of this standard is comthe tract prone to water logging. Lining ensures plied with, the final value, observed or calculated, stability, rigidity and easy maintenance of water- expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be course at lesser cost. The flatter bed slopes may rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960t. The be achieved which improves the command and Dumber of sisniftcant placel retained in the eliminates the necessity of JHALLARS (water rounded off value should be the same as that of lifting device). In most cases gravity command the specified value in this standard. becomes available. The filling time of watercourses takes less time and velocity of water is ·Criteria (or de.ian of lined canal. and auidelines for more. There is more equitable distribution of selection of type of linin·· water, and better regulation and management. tRulCi for roundinl off numerical values ( ,~,is~d ).

I. SCOPE 1.t'This standard covers the lining of watercourses and field channels in brick/tile, stone slab/stone masonry, cement concrete, pre-cast concrete slabs Ind LOPE film aloDS with riaid cover.

2.2 Compactl. of Earthwork Vader Bed - Earthwork shall be laid under tlie bed in 7S mm thick
layers and compacted with steel tampers or by other mechanical means at optimum moisture content.
NOTE - This type of eanhwork sball be applicable for fill at the back 01 vertical wall only. Por other IICtionl. the eanhwork "ball be in accordance witb IS : 4701 - 1982-.

2. GENERAL
2.1 The shape of the lined water-course may lenerally be rectangular, trapezoidal or semicircular shape. Followina are the typrs of linin,: a) Brick/tile lining, b) Composite cement concrete and brick masonry lininl. c) Cement concrete ,,,-,'tu/pre-cast liDiDI,

.hall be free from shrubs, clods and shall be laid

d) Stone slab/stone masonry linina. and e) LDPE film with rilid cover. 2.2.1 Eart/awork I" NOIl-Comptlctlon Zo". - It

in 150 mm thick layers. Measurements shall be made as in the case of flUinS and 10 percent deductions may be allowed from actual measured cubical contcnts. The outer side slope IhaU depend upon tbe type soU and heilht of the fill.

2.3 Soli Sur.ey - It is to know the type of soil moisture content and dry density attainable aloDI the entire lenlth of water-course or earthen channel. 2.4 Lip Ctlttlq - After the compact .on, the water-eounes/field channels are cut tCJ the final section by removing the extra soD from the bed and from tbe inner slopes of the banks. 2.5 AI'p" ·· CoDstruction bench marks sball be provided at aD interval of 100 m with double levelltDI. The centre line of the water-course/fteld channel to be marked on pep at an Interval of 6 to 10 m apart lon,ituclinally and shall be so fixed that their tops indicate the correct bottom level of the bed lin ina.

La,.-

,.,1';011 ).

·Code of practice for eardlwork on CAnal. (/Ir"

I

IS : 12379 - 1_
2.6 Slope - The bed slope of the lined section 3.3 Stoae -- Stone for stone masonry Jining shall of the water-course to be adopted is fixed with be sound, hard and durable so that it shall be regard to the designed fu-Il suppt·,' level at the able to sustain weathering and water action. It head of the water-course. the criticr I level of the shall be free from laminations, soft spots, cracks, field~ to be irrigated from the water-eourses or seams and other detects. The stone shall be the branch under consideration subject to the laid with their smooth surface on top. The minimum limit of slope of I-S cm/IOO m length, dimensions of the stone shall be such that there as far as possible. The permissible tolerance for are minimum Dumber of joints. finished bed level of water-course shall Dot be more than 1 em as compared to the designed 3.4 Water - Water u .ed in masonry work, making concrete, me ,tar bricks or for other level. plain or reinforced general construction shall be 2.7 In case of problematic soils, suit8!Jle engineer- clear and free from objectionable quantities of deleterious materials and shall conform to ing measures shall be taken. 2.8 Free Board - 7·S em of free board shall be provided above the calculated full supply level.

IS : 4S6..1978*.

2.' Sub-Grade - The surface over which lining is to rest is called sub-grade- It is to be perfectly
true in profile in accordance with the crosssection of the water-course so as to form a firm compacted bed for the lining. 2.10 Consistency - Consistency of cement mortar shall be in accordance with IS : 2250 - 1981·. 2.11 SettlDI - Setting of cement mortar shall be in accordance with IS : 2250-1981·, 2.]2 Water ReteatlvJt)' of Mortar - It shall be in accordance with IS : 2250-1981·. 2.13 Workability - Workability of cement mortar! cement concrete shall be in accordance with IS : 4S6-1978t or IS : 2250-1981*.
3. MATERIALS

3.5 Storale of Materials - It shall be in accordance with IS : 7969-1975f.
3.6 Bricks - ] t shall be in accordance with IS : 1077-1986:_ 3.7 Lime It shall conform to IS : 712-1984§.

4. PROCEDURE FOR LINING 4.1 Eartbwork 4.1.1 Excavation - The centre line shall first be pegged out and marked with DAGH BEL or dimension lines as per designed L-iection of channel, All curves shall be properly laid down and the lines indicating the top of the cutting or the toe of the embankments shr ·.t then be set out. These lines shall be ascertai led from the Xsection of the existing ground work and finished work. Reference pegs shall also be driven into the ground.
4.1.1~1 Before commencinr construction work, complete profiles of the compacted portion of the bed and embankments indicating finished section shall be set up at 150 metres apart or at such intervals as required due to the physical condition. These profiles shall be 3 metres in length along the alignment. .Ende of the profile banks shall be stepped so that proper bond shall be achieved with earthfill laid afterwards. When the side slope in existing surface is more than 1: 4, the ground shall be trenched or stepped to have solid embankments. Manual excavation in cutting for channels &hall be carried out In 610 to 1 S25 mm lifts. Special precautions shall be taken to ensure that excavation may be drained properly to prevent accumulation of water O{ formation of rain cuts. No excavated material shall be placed within 900 ' .·m from the edge of any trench. All sansways, paths and steps shall be kept within

3.1 Cement - Cement used in the preparation of masonry mortar or cement concrete shall conform to either IS: 269-1976: or IS: 4551976§. IS : 1489-197611 or IS : 3466-1~67'.

3.2 Allreaate
3.2.1 Fine Aggregate - Sand shall conform to

IS : 2116-1980··,
1977~:.

IS: 383-1970tt or IS: 1542It shall conform to

3.2.2 Coarse Aggregate IS : 383-1970 tt.

·Code practice for prepara.ion and use of masonry mortars (/irst r~vislon ). tCode of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( third ,.,1810" ). .. \ ~ SSpeclftcation for ordinary and low heat Portland cfPlent ( thl,d ,~"','o,, , 'Specification for PortlaDd II.. cement ( ,,,1"011 ). . IISpecification for Ponland-pozzolana cement ( ,econd . . "",1011 ). ,~ '~pecification for masonry, cement (/irst ,.··I,ltIII ). . ~~ . ··Speciflcation for ..nd for malOUl)' mortars ( /11',,.1"011). . ttSpeciftcatlon for coane and fine aareptes from - Datural sources (or concrete C"CDM,.,1"011 ). ~tSpecificatioD for sand for plalter (fir" ,.,111011 ).

or

).

,""d "

*Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( 'Alrd ,,,,1,10" ). tsafety code tor bandliDI and storale of bulldiDI materials. ~Specillcation for common burnt clay buUdinl brlckl (/DlWI" ,.,18IDII ). . lSpecl8catlon for buildin. limes (tllirtl r.,I,Io" ).

2

IS : 12379 · 1_

the section so that their removal in the end leaves . Half or cut bricks should be used only where the section true to design. In case of deep required near the end of the walls ( lee Fig. J ).
excavations, proper shuttering shall be done to avoid collapsing of trench. 4.1.1.% Borrow pits shall be used for obtaining soils for earthfills only where absolutely unavoid· able. No borrow pits shall be dug within S metres of the final section of the embankments. after making due allowance for future development. All borrow pits shall be dug to maximum depth of 300 mm only. 4.1.1.3 All mud, slush and decay or other vegetation shall be excluded from the filling and clods of broken earth. The filliDg shall be placed in continuous h9rizontallayers of 75 mm thickness for hand compaction. Water shall be sprinkled on each layer and thoroughly rammed before the next one is laid. Filling shall be started from the outer edges working towards the centre in slightly concave layers and dressed to the desired cross-section of the channel. Earthfills shall be free from lenses, pockets, streaks or layers of material differing in texture. No filling shall be commenced without the permission of the engineer-in-charge.

4.2 Brick LIDia.·- Bricks required for brick work shall be according to the specifications laid in 3.6 and shall be soaked in clear water immediately before use for one hour or till the complete cessation of air bubbles, whichever is later. They shall be kept free from sand and silt. The bricks shall be laid in English bond with frogs upward.
EMENT PLASTER
(1 :I J

4.2.1 Section of the Side Walls - The width of the side walls shall be 1JS mm for height up to 450 mm (6 courses). For height of the side walls of S2S mm (7 courses), the first course shall be of one full brick, that is, 225 mm width and 7S mm height. The width of the remaining six courses of the side wall shall be liS mm, For the height of side wall of 600 mm ( 8 courses ). the first two courses shall be of full bricks, that is, the width will be 225 mm and the .height will be ISO mm. The width of the remaining 6 courses will be 115 mm ( see Fig. 2 ). 4.3 Composite CemeDt ConcreteaDd Brick MuoDl')' 'LIDIDg - Following are the two methods for carrying out the lining work: a) A bed of SO mm thick I: 3: 6 cement concrete islaid over 100 microns LDPEfilm conforming to IS: 9698·1980·. Side waUsare constructed in brick masonry in 1 : 4 cement sand mortar (witbout plaster) or I: S cement sand mortar ( with plaster). The inside and top of these vertical walls should be finished with to mm thick 1 : 3 cement sand plaster ( see Fig. 3 ). b) Brick masonry in 1 : S cement sand mortar ( with plaster) or I : 4 cement sand mortar
.Code of practice for linin. of canals with low density polyethylene film.

BRICk MASONRY

IN CEMENT MORT AR ( ,. S J

All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG.

I TYPICAL BRICK MASONRY

SECTION

~
LINI~G

SIDE

1
600

,.
All dimensionsin millimetr·.
FlO.

2 TYPICAL SECTION 0' SIDB WALLS 3

II'CK MA· ·' IN CINI.'

I': "

"OIl'"

All cIlmenalons in millimetre·.
Flo. 3 TYPICAL elUENT CONCRETE AND BRICJe MASONRY SECTION

CEMENt CONCRET.

(1:3:11

POLYETHYLINI
All dimenlion. in millimetre·.
FIG.

4 TYPICAL CDtINT CONCRBTI SECfION

( without plaster ) on the Sides and S em 4.' Pre-Cast CemeBt Coaerete Lining - It shall thick I: 3 : 6 cement concrete in the bed be in accordance with IS : 10646.J983·, should be laid over 1'5 to 2'0 em thick 4.7 Streaph DeYelOplDeDt - Strength developBubarade or slate pieces/tOO microns LDPE mentisan important requirement before masonryl film. concrete is loaded to the full extent. The rate .t.4 C.... Coacrete LbdIII - 50 mm thick of construction shall synchronize with the deveI : 3 : 6 cement concrete should be laid in the lopment of strength, particularly in weak mixes. bed over a 100 micron LDPE film. The vertical Extreme care shall be taken by putting the earth side walls should be constructed with 75 mm work behind the lining. Initially about SO perthick I ~, 3 : 6 cement concrete. In tale LDPE cent of the quantity of earthwork or up to 75 film is not beinl used, 75 mm thick I: 3 : , percent of the height shall be done. After a cement concrete shall be laid ( lee Fig...4 ). couple of runs of water in the lined water-course, the remslntng earthwork may be completed and 4.5 StGDe SIa1»/St-.r.tUOllll LI.IDI dressed. 4.5.1 S'OIl~ Malon,)' Llnl", - Stone shall be free from laminations. soft spots. etc. Stone 5. TESTING masoary should be laid in I: 2 : 8 mortar ( I 5.1 The lining work constructed as explained cement: 2 lime : 8 stone dust ) or I : S ( I cement: in 4 shall be tested for leakage by filliDI the lined 5 sand mortar). The joints should be raked portion with available water. The points where some leakage is indicated shall be marked. These and pointed with 1 : 3 cement ( lee Fia- 5 ). shall then be treated by raking and flUinS the 4.5.Z Stone Slab Lining - Stone slab used for the bed shall have thickness of 25 mm. Stone joints on both sides of the side lininl properly, slab should be laid in J : 2 : 8 mortar (I cement: wherever possible, 2 lime : 8 Itone dust ) or I : 5 ( I cement : 5 sand mortar). All the joints shall be raked and pointed. 6. TURN-OUT FOR NAKKA Masonry Oft the sides shall be laid in 1: 2 : 8 '.1 It Is a structure capable of divertlna the cement lime/l: 4 cement and mortar. The remainina courses of side wall. may be laid in ·Speciftcation for comp eased precast cement concrete I : 4 cement saad mortar. liDa for canal IlniDII.
4

CEMENT MORTAR 11: 31

POINTING

5 mm THICIe
CEME NT NORT AR 11: IJ All dimension. in millimetres.
FIG.

5 STONB MASONRY LINING

n5
SLOPE PORTION WIT" Iff FOit INCLI.D II.A PL ArE

1.. ZIG
230

·
M S.PLATE
All dimensions in millimetre·. FIG. 6 TYPICAL DESIGN OF M.S. PLATB Nakka STaueruaB

s

IS : 12379 · 1988

entire stream of water from the water-course to the chaks or from the field channels. These channels shall be strong because the farmers have tendency to dig and use earth around this structure to ccntrol Ieakage at gate point and thus unknowingly weaken the structure. Following are the two most common types of nakka plates: a) Steel Nakka - Steel1lakka plate is provided with handles (one or two depending on the size) and a chain with angle piece at the end having split sicks which is embedded

into the masonry of the nakka structureso as to avoid pilferage. The steel nakka is fixed at an angle of 60°, A typical steel nakka is shown in Fig. 6. b) Circular Nakka - It consists of a panel and a lid. The panel is fixed into the masonry of nakka structure at an angle of 60°. The lid is fixed into the panel after a couple of rotary motions. This is a water tight arrangement and practically no earth is required to control the seepage. A typical circular nakka is shown in Fig. 7.

'.2

115

230
30

PANEL

PRECAST PANEL AND LtD

All dimensions in millimetre·.
FIG.

7 TYPICAL DSSIGN 0'

CIRCULAR

Nakka STIlUcrURB

6

Bureau 01 Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of InditJII Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

COP1r1ght
BIS has the Copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications maybe reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, suchas symbols and sizes, type or gradedesignations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review or Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review Indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of 'BIS Handbook' and 'Standards Monthly Additions'.

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No.

Date of Issue

Text Affected

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